In the last 500 years, have there been civilizations whose cruelty matched that of Nazi Germany?

 Throughout history, there have been various instances of cruelty and atrocities committed by different civilizations. While the Nazi regime's crimes during the Holocaust are among the most well-documented and widely recognized instances of systematic brutality in recent history, there have been other civilizations and regimes that have also perpetrated extreme violence and oppression.

For example, the atrocities committed by regimes such as the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, the Stalinist regime in the Soviet Union, and the Rwandan genocide are all examples of widespread and systematic cruelty that resulted in the loss of millions of lives. Additionally, historical events such as the Atlantic slave trade, colonization, and various wars have also involved significant levels of violence, exploitation, and suffering.

It's important to recognize and remember these historical events as part of humanity's collective memory and to work towards preventing such atrocities from happening in the future through education, advocacy, and international cooperation.